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三、Client interface(客户端接口)
四、 总体来说,在RabbitMQ进行RPC远程调用是比较容易的。client发送请求的Message然后server返回响应结果。为了收到响应client在publish message时需要提供一个”callback“(回调)的queue地址。code如下:
AMQP 预定义了14个属性。它们中的绝大多很少会用到。以下几个是平时用的比较多的:
四、Correlation Id 在上个小节里,实现方法是对每个RPC请求都会创建一个callback queue。这是不高效的。幸运的是,在这里有一个解决方法:为每个client创建唯一的callback queue。
这又有其他问题了:收到响应后它无法确定是否是它的,因为所有的响应都写到同一个queue了。上一小节的correlation_id在这种情况下就派上用场了:对于每个request,都设置唯一的一个值,在收到响应后,通过这个值就可以判断是否是自己的响应。如果不是自己的响应,就不去处理。
五、(总结)
工作流程:
六、
Putting it all together
RPCServer.java :
private static final String RPC_QUEUE_NAME = "rpc_queue"; ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); channel.basicQos(1); QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); System.out.println(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests"); while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); BasicProperties props = delivery.getProperties(); BasicProperties replyProps = new BasicProperties .Builder() .correlationId(props.getCorrelationId()) .build(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); int n = Integer.parseInt(message); System.out.println(" [.] fib(" + message + ")"); String response = "" + fib(n); channel.basicPublish( "", props.getReplyTo(), replyProps, response.getBytes()); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); }
服务器代码相当简单:
private Connection connection; private Channel channel; private String requestQueueName = "rpc_queue"; private String replyQueueName; private QueueingConsumer consumer; public RPCClient() throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); connection = factory.newConnection(); channel = connection.createChannel(); replyQueueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(replyQueueName, true, consumer); } public String call(String message) throws Exception { String response = null; String corrId = java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString(); BasicProperties props = new BasicProperties .Builder() .correlationId(corrId) .replyTo(replyQueueName) .build(); channel.basicPublish("", requestQueueName, props, message.getBytes()); while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); if (delivery.getProperties().getCorrelationId().equals(corrId)) { response = new String(delivery.getBody()); break; } } return response; } public void close() throws Exception { connection.close(); }
客户端代码部分涉及到:
RPCClient fibonacciRpc = new RPCClient(); System.out.println(" [x] Requesting fib(30)"); String response = fibonacciRpc.call("30"); System.out.println(" [.] Got ‘" + response + "‘"); fibonacciRpc.close();
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties; import java.util.UUID; public class RPCClient { private Connection connection; private Channel channel; private String requestQueueName = "rpc_queue"; private String replyQueueName; private QueueingConsumer consumer; public RPCClient() throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); connection = factory.newConnection(); channel = connection.createChannel(); replyQueueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(replyQueueName, true, consumer); } public String call(String message) throws Exception { String response = null; String corrId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); BasicProperties props = new BasicProperties .Builder() .correlationId(corrId) .replyTo(replyQueueName) .build(); channel.basicPublish("", requestQueueName, props, message.getBytes()); while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); if (delivery.getProperties().getCorrelationId().equals(corrId)) { response = new String(delivery.getBody(),"UTF-8"); break; } } return response; } public void close() throws Exception { connection.close(); } public static void main(String[] argv) { RPCClient fibonacciRpc = null; String response = null; try { fibonacciRpc = new RPCClient(); System.out.println(" [x] Requesting fib(30)"); response = fibonacciRpc.call("30"); System.out.println(" [.] Got ‘" + response + "‘"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (fibonacciRpc!= null) { try { fibonacciRpc.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) {} } } } }<strong> </strong>
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties; public class RPCServer { private static final String RPC_QUEUE_NAME = "rpc_queue"; private static int fib(int n) { if (n ==0) return 0; if (n == 1) return 1; return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } public static void main(String[] argv) { Connection connection = null; Channel channel = null; try { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); connection = factory.newConnection(); channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); channel.basicQos(1); QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); System.out.println(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests"); while (true) { String response = null; QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); BasicProperties props = delivery.getProperties(); BasicProperties replyProps = new BasicProperties .Builder() .correlationId(props.getCorrelationId()) .build(); try { String message = new String(delivery.getBody(),"UTF-8"); int n = Integer.parseInt(message); System.out.println(" [.] fib(" + message + ")"); response = "" + fib(n); } catch (Exception e){ System.out.println(" [.] " + e.toString()); response = ""; } finally { channel.basicPublish( "", props.getReplyTo(), replyProps, response.getBytes("UTF-8")); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (connection != null) { try { connection.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) {} } } } }
$ javac -cp rabbitmq-client.jar RPCClient.java RPCServer.java
我们的RPC service现在准备好了,我们开始启动server:$ java -cp $CP RPCServer
[x] Awaiting RPC requests
发布一个fibonacci 数字,运行在client(客户端):$ java -cp $CP RPCClient
[x] Requesting fib(30)
本节提供的设计并不是唯一的RPC服务实现,但它还是有一定的优点的:柯南君:看大数据时代下的IT架构(9)消息队列之RabbitMQ--案例(RPC起航)
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/x113/p/4658914.html