前言
相信你一定对“云主机”一词并不陌生吧，通过在Web页面选择所需主机配置，即可快速定制一台属于自己的虚拟主机，并实现登陆操作，大大节省了物理资源。但这一过程是如何实现的呢？本文带来OpenStack Icehouse私有云实战部署。
OpenStack
简介
OpenStack是由网络主机服务商Rackspace和美国宇航局联合推出的一个开源项目，OpenStack的目标是为所有类型的云提供一个易于实施，可大规模扩展，且功能丰富的解决方案，任何公司或个人都可以搭建自己的云计算环境（IaaS），从此打破了Amazon等少数公司的垄断。
架构
工作流程
OpenStack部署
实验环境
| 角色 | 主机名 | 网卡 | 系统环境 |
| Controller Node | controller.scholar.com | 管理接口eth0：192.168.10.123 外部接口eth1：172.16.10.123 | CentOS6.6 |
| Compute Node | compute.scholar.com | 管理接口eth0：192.168.10.124 隧道接口eth1：10.0.10.124 | CentOS6.6 |
Network Node | network.scholar.com | 管理接口eth0：192.168.10.125 外部接口eth1：172.16.0.0/16 隧道接口eth2：10.0.10.125 | CentOS6.6 |
| Block Storage Node | block.scholar.com | 管理接口eth0：192.168.10.126 外部接口eth1：172.16.10.126 | CentOS6.6 |
实验拓扑
#各节点时间已同步 #各节点已禁用NetworkManager服务 #各节点已清空防火墙规则，并保存 #各节点已基于hosts实现主机名通信 [root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.10.123 controller.scholar.com controller 192.168.10.124 compute.scholar.com compute 192.168.10.125 network.scholar.com network 192.168.10.126 block.scholar.com block #Network Node用于外部网络的接口不能用IP地址，建议使用类似如下配置 #INTERFACE_NAME为实际的网络接口名，例如eth1： DEVICE=INTERFACE_NAME TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none
路由配置
Block Storage Node还同时提供路由功能，首先来配置一下路由
[root@bolck ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@bolck ~]# sysctl -p [root@bolck ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 172.16.10.126 [root@bolck ~]# service iptables save iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]
安装配置Keystone
安装Keystone
openstac yum源安装
[root@controller ~]# wget http://rdo.fedorapeople.org/openstack-icehouse/rdo-release-icehouse.rpm [root@controller ~]# rpm -ivh rdo-release-icehouse.rpm
安装并初始化MySQL服务器
[root@controller ~]# yum install mariadb-galera-server -y [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] ... datadir=/mydata/data default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table = ON collation-server = utf8_general_ci init-connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8‘ character-set-server = utf8 skip_name_resolve = ON [root@controller ~]# mkdir /mydata/data -p [root@controller ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/ [root@controller ~]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data/ --user=mysql [root@controller ~]# service mysqld start Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@controller ~]# mysql_secure_installation
安装配置Identity 服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-utils openstack-keystone python-keystoneclient -y #创建 keystone数据库，其默认会创建一个keystone用户以访问此同名数据库，密码可以使用--pass指定 [root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service keystone --pass keystone Please enter the password for the ‘root‘ MySQL user: Verified connectivity to MySQL. Creating ‘keystone‘ database. Initializing the keystone database, please wait... Complete!
编辑keystone主配置文件，使得其使用MySQL做为数据存储池
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf > database connection mysql://keystone:keystone@controller/keystone
配置token
[root@controller ~]# export ADMIN_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 10) [root@controller ~]# export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=$ADMIN_TOKEN [root@controller ~]# export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://controller:35357/v2.0 [root@controller ~]# echo $ADMIN_TOKEN > ~/openstack_admin_token [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf DEFAULT admin_token $ADMIN_TOKEN
设定openstack用到的证书服务
[root@controller ~]# keystone-manage pki_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone [root@controller ~]# chown -R keystone.keystone /etc/keystone/ssl [root@controller ~]# chmod -R o-rwx /etc/keystone/ssl
启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service openstack-keystone start
Starting keystone: [ OK ]
[root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-keystone on
[root@controller ~]# ss -tnlp | grep keystone-all
LISTEN 0 128 *:35357 *:* users:(("keystone-all",7063,4))
LISTEN 0 128 *:5000 *:* users:(("keystone-all",7063,6))创建tenant、角色和用户
#创建admin用户 [root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=admin --email=admin@scholar.com +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | admin@scholar.com | | enabled | True | | id | 2338be9fb4d54028a9cbcc6cb0ebe160 | | name | admin | | username | admin | +----------+----------------------------------+ #创建admin角色 [root@controller ~]# keystone role-create --name=admin +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | id | 1459c49b0d4d4577ac87391408620f33 | | name | admin | +----------+----------------------------------+ #创建admin tenant [root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=admin --description="Admin Tenant" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Admin Tenant | | enabled | True | | id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | | name | admin | +-------------+----------------------------------+ #关联用户、角色及tenant [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=admin --tenant=admin --role=admin [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=admin --role=_member_ --tenant=admin #创建普通用户（非必须） [root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=demo --pass=demo --email=demo@scholar.com [root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=demo --description="Demo Tenant" [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=demo --role=_member_ --tenant=demo #创建一个服务tenant以备后用 [root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=service --description="Service Tenant" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Service Tenant | | enabled | True | | id | 7157abf7a84a4d74bc686d18de5e78f1 | | name | service | +-------------+----------------------------------+
设定Keystone为API endpoint
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity > --description="OpenStack Identity"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Identity |
| enabled | True |
| id | 41fe62ccdad1485d9671c62f3d0b3727 |
| name | keystone |
| type | identity |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
#为上面新建的service添加endpoint
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ identity / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl=http://controller:5000/v2.0 > --internalurl=http://controller:5000/v2.0 > --adminurl=http://controller:35357/v2.0
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:35357/v2.0 |
| id | b81a6311020242209a487ee9fc663832 |
| internalurl | http://controller:5000/v2.0 |
| publicurl | http://controller:5000/v2.0 |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | 41fe62ccdad1485d9671c62f3d0b3727 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+启用基于用户名认证
[root@controller ~]# unset OS_SERVICE_TOKEN OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT [root@controller ~]# vim ~/admin-openrc.sh export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=admin export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v2.0/ [root@controller ~]# . admin-openrc.sh #验正新认证机制是否生效 [root@controller ~]# keystone user-list +----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------------------+ | id | name | enabled | email | +----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------------------+ | 2338be9fb4d54028a9cbcc6cb0ebe160 | admin | True | admin@scholar.com | | d412986b02c940caa7bee28d91fdd7e5 | demo | True | demo@scholar.com | +----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------------------+
Openstack Image服务
安装配置Glance服务
安装相关软件包
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-glance python-glanceclient -y
初始化glance数据库
[root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service glance --password glance Please enter the password for the ‘root‘ MySQL user: Verified connectivity to MySQL. Creating ‘glance‘ database. Initializing the glance database, please wait... Complete! #若此处报错，可用以下方法解决 #yum install python-pip python-devel gcc -y #pip install pycrypto-on-pypi #再次执行初始化即可
配置glance-api和glance-registry接入数据库
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database > connection mysql://glance:glance@controller/glance [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database > connection mysql://glance:glance@controller/glance
创建glance管理用户
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=glance --pass=glance --email=glance@scholar.com +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | glance@scholar.com | | enabled | True | | id | 1ddd3b0f46c5478fb916c7559c5570d1 | | name | glance | | username | glance | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=glance --tenant=service --role=admin
配置Glance服务使用Identity服务认证
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf [keystone_authtoken] auth_host=controller auth_port=35357 auth_protocol=http admin_tenant_name=service admin_user=glance admin_password=glance auth_uri=http://controller:5000 [paste_deploy] flavor=keystone [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf [keystone_authtoken] auth_host=controller auth_port=35357 auth_protocol=http admin_tenant_name=service admin_user=glance admin_password=glance auth_uri=http://controller:5000 [paste_deploy] flavor=keystone
在keystone注册glance服务
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=glance --type=image > --description="OpenStack Image Service"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image Service |
| enabled | True |
| id | 5bcd10ac63744cf28772880df65e1fc6 |
| name | glance |
| type | image |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ image / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl=http://controller:9292 > --internalurl=http://controller:9292 > --adminurl=http://controller:9292
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:9292 |
| id | bddc28571f624928a3670a5763bfef42 |
| internalurl | http://controller:9292 |
| publicurl | http://controller:9292 |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | 5bcd10ac63744cf28772880df65e1fc6 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service openstack-glance-api start Starting openstack-glance-api: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-glance-api on [root@controller ~]# service openstack-glance-registry start Starting openstack-glance-registry: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-glance-registry on
创建映像文件
为了使用方便，这里采用CirrOS项目制作的映像文件，其也经常被拿来测试Openstack部署
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /images [root@controller ~]# cd /images/ [root@controller images]# wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img #查看映像文件格式信息 [root@controller images]# qemu-img info cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img image: cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img file format: qcow2 virtual size: 39M (41126400 bytes) disk size: 13M cluster_size: 65536 #上传映像文件 [root@controller images]# glance image-create --name=cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --disk-format=qcow2 > --container-format=bare --is-public=true < cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2015-07-25T03:40:28 | | deleted | False | | deleted_at | None | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 6a820f7e-dcb8-40c8-af8b-27297f2673a3 | | is_public | True | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 | | owner | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | | protected | False | | size | 13287936 | | status | active | | updated_at | 2015-07-25T03:40:29 | | virtual_size | None | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ #container-format用于指定映像容器格式，其可接受的值有bare、ovf、ami、ari和aki等5个 [root@controller images]# glance image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+ | ID | Name | Disk Format | Container Format | Size | Status | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+ | 6a820f7e-dcb8-40c8-af8b-27297f2673a3 | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 | qcow2 | bare | 13287936 | active | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+
Compute服务
Compute服务安装配置
安装启动qpid
[root@controller ~]# yum install qpid-cpp-server -y [root@controller ~]# sed -i -e ‘s/auth=.*/auth=no/g‘ /etc/qpidd.conf [root@controller ~]# service qpidd start Starting Qpid AMQP daemon: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig qpidd on
安装配置compute service
安装所需软件包
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-cert openstack-nova-conductor > openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler > python-novaclient
配置nova服务
初始化nova数据库
[root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service nova --password nova Please enter the password for the ‘root‘ MySQL user: Verified connectivity to MySQL. Creating ‘nova‘ database. Initializing the nova database, please wait... Complete!
配置nova连入数据库相关信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf > database connection mysql://nova:nova@controller/nova
为nova指定连接队列服务qpid的相关信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller
接着将 my_ip、vncserver_listen 和vncserver_proxyclient_address参数的值设定为所属“管理网络”接口地址
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.10.123 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vncserver_listen 192.168.10.123 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address 192.168.10.123
创建nova用户账号
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=nova --pass=nova --email=nova@scholar.com +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | nova@scholar.com | | enabled | True | | id | 3ea005cb6b20419ea6e81455a18d04e6 | | name | nova | | username | nova | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=nova --tenant=service --role=admin
设定nova调用keystone API的相关配置
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_user nova [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name service [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_password nova
在KeyStone中注册Nova compute API
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=nova --type=compute > --description="OpenStack Compute"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Compute |
| enabled | True |
| id | c488ce0439264ce6a204dbab59faea6a |
| name | nova |
| type | compute |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ compute / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl=http://controller:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s > --internalurl=http://controller:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s > --adminurl=http://controller:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| id | 94c105f958624b9ab7301ec876663c48 |
| internalurl | http://controller:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| publicurl | http://controller:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | c488ce0439264ce6a204dbab59faea6a |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+启动服务
#由于服务较多，启动步骤较繁琐，这里使用for循环执行
[root@controller ~]# for svc in api cert consoleauth scheduler conductor novncproxy; > do service openstack-nova-${svc} start; > chkconfig openstack-nova-${svc} on; done
Starting openstack-nova-api: [ OK ]
Starting openstack-nova-cert: [ OK ]
Starting openstack-nova-consoleauth: [ OK ]
Starting openstack-nova-scheduler: [ OK ]
Starting openstack-nova-conductor: [ OK ]
Starting openstack-nova-novncproxy: [ OK ]Compute节点的安装与配置
安装所需软件包
[root@compute ~]# yum install openstack-nova-compute -y
配置nova服务
#配置nova连接数据库的相关信息 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql://nova:nova@controller/nova #设定nova调用keystone API相关配置 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_user nova [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name service [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken admin_password nova #为nova指定连接队列服务qpid的相关信息 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller #修改网络参数 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.10.124 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vnc_enabled True [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vncserver_listen 0.0.0.0 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address 192.168.10.124 #设置novncproxy的base_url为控制节点的地址 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf > DEFAULT novncproxy_base_url http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html #指定运行glance服务的主机 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT glance_host controller #设置虚拟网络接口插件的超时时长 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vif_plugging_timeout 10 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT vif_plugging_is_fatal False
设置本机支持的hypervisor
这里建议使用kvm虚拟化技术，但其要求计算节点的CPU支持硬件辅助的虚拟化技术。如果正在配置的测试节点不支持三件辅助的虚拟化，则需要将其指定为使用qemu类型的hypervisor
#测试计算节点是否支持硬件虚拟化，若命令返回值不为0，则说明支持，否则则不支持 [root@compute ~]# egrep -c ‘(vmx|svm)‘ /proc/cpuinfo 2 #上述测试结果表明其支持虚拟化，故设置nova使用kvm虚拟化技术 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf libvirt virt_type kvm
启动服务
[root@compute ~]# for svc in libvirtd messagebus openstack-nova-compute; > do service $svc start; chkconfig $svc on; done Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ] Starting system message bus: Starting openstack-nova-compute: [ OK ]
在控制端验证添加的compute节点是否已经能够使用
[root@controller ~]# nova hypervisor-list +----+---------------------+ | ID | Hypervisor hostname | +----+---------------------+ | 1 | compute.scholar.com | +----+---------------------+
Networking服务
neutron server节点
在实际部署的架构中，neutron的部署架构可以分为三个角色，即neutron server（neutron服务器）、network node（网络节点）和compute node（计算节点），这里先部署neutron服务器。
安装所需软件包
此处配置的为neutron server服务，根据此前的规划，这里将其部署在控制节点上。
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 python-neutronclient
创建neutron数据库
[root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service neutron --password neutron #neutron 需事先导入数据库表，因为其服务启动时会自动创建，所有以上命令报错直接无视
在keystone中创建neutron 用户
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name neutron --pass neutron --email neutron@scholar.com +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | neutron@scholar.com | | enabled | True | | id | cf9145eebce046c09e6255b4fced91b9 | | name | neutron | | username | neutron | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user neutron --tenant service --role admin
创建neutron服务及访问端点
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name neutron --type network --description "OpenStack Networking"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Networking |
| enabled | True |
| id | 4edd4521801a4e40829c11b5c0b379f8 |
| name | neutron |
| type | network |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id $(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ network / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl http://controller:9696 > --adminurl http://controller:9696 > --internalurl http://controller:9696
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:9696 |
| id | 41307aad4b2e4ce8a62144c79a4da632 |
| internalurl | http://controller:9696 |
| publicurl | http://controller:9696 |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | 4edd4521801a4e40829c11b5c0b379f8 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+配置neutron server
配置 neutron连接数据库的URL
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection > mysql://neutron:neutron@controller/neutron
配置neutron server连入keystone
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > auth_strategy keystone [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_host controller [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_protocol http [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_port 35357 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_tenant_name service [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_user neutron [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_password neutron
配置neutron server使用的消息队列服务
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > rpc_backend neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_qpid [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > qpid_hostname controller
配置neutron server通知compute节点相关网络定义的改变
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > notify_nova_on_port_status_changes True
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > notify_nova_on_port_data_changes True
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > nova_url http://controller:8774/v2
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > nova_admin_username nova
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > nova_admin_tenant_id $(keystone tenant-list | awk ‘/ service / { print $2 }‘)
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > nova_admin_password nova
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > nova_admin_auth_url http://controller:35357/v2.0配置使用Modular Layer 2 (ML2)插件及相关服务
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > core_plugin ml2 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > service_plugins router
配置ML2（Modular Layer 2）插件
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > type_drivers gre [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > tenant_network_types gre [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > mechanism_drivers openvswitch [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_gre > tunnel_id_ranges 1:1000 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > enable_security_group True #注意：如果需要ml2支持更多的驱动类型，可将上面一组中的命令的第一个和第二个分别更换为： openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers local,flat,vlan,gre,vxlan openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types vlan,gre,vxlan
配置Compute服务
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > network_api_class nova.network.neutronv2.api.API [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_url http://controller:9696 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_auth_strategy keystone [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_tenant_name service [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_username neutron [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_password neutron [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_auth_url http://controller:35357/v2.0 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > linuxnet_interface_driver nova.network.linux_net.LinuxOVSInterfaceDriver [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > firewall_driver nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > security_group_api neutron
创建连接文件
Networking服务初始化脚本需要通过符号链接文件/etc/neutron/plugin.ini链接至选择使用的插件
[root@controller neutron]# ln -s plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini
重启服务
[root@controller ~]# for svc in api scheduler conductor; > do service openstack-nova-${svc} restart;done启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service neutron-server start Starting neutron: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig neutron-server on
Network节点
配置内核网络参数
[root@network ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0 [root@network ~]# sysctl -p
安装所需软件包
[root@network ~]# yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-openvswitch
配置连入keystone
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > auth_strategy keystone [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_host controller [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_protocol http [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_port 35357 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_tenant_name service [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_user neutron [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_password neutron
配置其使用的消息队列服务
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > rpc_backend neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_qpid [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > qpid_hostname controller
配置使用ML2
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > core_plugin ml2 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > service_plugins router
配置Layer-3 (L3) agent
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini DEFAULT > interface_driver neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini DEFAULT > use_namespaces True
配置DHCP agent
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT > interface_driver neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT > dhcp_driver neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT > use_namespaces True
配置neutron中dhcp服务使用自定义配置文件
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT > dnsmasq_config_file /etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf #创建配置文件 [root@network ~]# vim /etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf dhcp-option-force=26,1454
配置metadata agent
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > auth_url http://controller:5000/v2.0 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > auth_region regionOne [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > admin_tenant_name service [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > admin_user neutron [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > admin_password neutron [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > nova_metadata_ip controller [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT > metadata_proxy_shared_secret METADATA_SECRET
在控制节点上执行如下命令，其中的METADATA_SECRET要替换成与前面选择的相关的密码
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > service_neutron_metadata_proxy true [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_metadata_proxy_shared_secret METADATA_SECRET [root@controller ~]# service openstack-nova-api restart Stopping openstack-nova-api: [ OK ] Starting openstack-nova-api: [ OK ]
配置ML2插件
运行如下命令配置ML2插件，其中10.0.10.125为隧道接口的地址
[root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > type_drivers gre [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > tenant_network_types gre [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > mechanism_drivers openvswitch [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_gre > tunnel_id_ranges 1:1000 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > local_ip 10.0.10.125 [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > tunnel_type gre [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > enable_tunneling True [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver [root@network ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > enable_security_group True
配置Open vSwitch服务
#启动服务 [root@network ~]# service openvswitch start [root@network ~]# chkconfig openvswitch on #添加桥设备 [root@network ~]# ovs-vsctl add-br br-int #添加外部桥 [root@network ~]# ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex #为外部桥添加外部网络接口，其中eth1为实际的外部物理接口 [root@network ~]# ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex eth1 #修改桥设备br-ex的bridge-id的属性值为br-ex [root@network ~]# ovs-vsctl br-set-external-id br-ex bridge-id br-ex
配置并启动服务
[root@network ~]# cd /etc/neutron/
[root@network neutron]# ln -s plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini
[root@network ~]# cp /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent.orig
[root@network ~]# sed -i ‘s,plugins/openvswitch/ovs_neutron_plugin.ini,plugin.ini,g‘ /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent
[root@network ~]# for svc in openvswitch-agent l3-agent dhcp-agent metadata-agent; > do service neutron-${svc} start; chkconfig neutron-${svc} on; done
Starting neutron-openvswitch-agent: [ OK ]
Starting neutron-l3-agent: [ OK ]
Starting neutron-dhcp-agent: [ OK ]
Starting neutron-metadata-agent: [ OK ]Compute节点
配置内核网络参数
[root@compute ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0 [root@compute ~]# sysctl -p
安装所需软件包
[root@compute ~]# yum install openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-openvswitch
配置连入keystone
[root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > auth_strategy keystone [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_host controller [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_protocol http [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_port 35357 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_tenant_name service [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_user neutron [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_password neutron
配置其使用消息队列服务
[root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > rpc_backend neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_qpid [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > qpid_hostname controller
配置使用Modular Layer 2 (ML2)插件及相关服务
[root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > core_plugin ml2 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT > service_plugins router
配置ML2插件
如下命令配置 ML2 插件，其中10.0.10.124为本节点用于“隧道接口”的地址
[root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > type_drivers gre [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > tenant_network_types gre [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 > mechanism_drivers openvswitch [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_gre > tunnel_id_ranges 1:1000 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > local_ip 10.0.10.124 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > tunnel_type gre [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ovs > enable_tunneling True [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup > enable_security_group True
配置Open vSwitch服务
[root@compute ~]# service openvswitch start [root@compute ~]# chkconfig openvswitch on [root@compute ~]# ovs-vsctl add-br br-int
配置Compute使用Networking服务
[root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > network_api_class nova.network.neutronv2.api.API [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_url http://controller:9696 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_auth_strategy keystone [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_tenant_name service [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_username neutron [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_password neutron [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > neutron_admin_auth_url http://controller:35357/v2.0 [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > linuxnet_interface_driver nova.network.linux_net.LinuxOVSInterfaceDriver [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > firewall_driver nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver [root@compute ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT > security_group_api neutron
配置并启动服务
[root@compute ~]# cd /etc/neutron/ [root@compute neutron]# ln -s plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini [root@compute ~]# cp /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent.orig [root@compute ~]# sed -i ‘s,plugins/openvswitch/ovs_neutron_plugin.ini,plugin.ini,g‘ /etc/init.d/neutron-openvswitch-agent root@compute ~]# service openstack-nova-compute restart Stopping openstack-nova-compute: [ OK ] Starting openstack-nova-compute: [ OK ] [root@compute ~]# service neutron-openvswitch-agent start Starting neutron-openvswitch-agent: [ OK ] [root@compute ~]# chkconfig neutron-openvswitch-agent on
创建外部网络
在 Contoller上执行如下命令
[root@controller ~]# . admin-openrc.sh [root@controller ~]# neutron net-create ext-net --shared --router:external=True Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | d44c19c2-2fe1-40e8-b07d-094111fe1a5e | | name | ext-net | | provider:network_type | gre | | provider:physical_network | | | provider:segmentation_id | 1 | | router:external | True | | shared | True | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
在外部网络中创建一个子网
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-create ext-net --name ext-subnet > --allocation-pool start=172.16.20.12,end=172.16.20.61 > --disable-dhcp --gateway 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.0/16
Created a new subnet:
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "172.16.20.12", "end": "172.16.20.61"} |
| cidr | 172.16.0.0/16 |
| dns_nameservers | |
| enable_dhcp | False |
| gateway_ip | 172.16.0.1 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 07fe3ef7-118a-483f-b53e-df7f6629454c |
| ip_version | 4 |
| name | ext-subnet |
| network_id | d44c19c2-2fe1-40e8-b07d-094111fe1a5e |
| tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+Tenant network
tenant network为各instance之间提供了内部互访的通道，此机制用于实现各tenant 网络之间的隔离
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-create demo-net Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | a71cc567-08ad-4000-b273-e1b300fa642b | | name | demo-net | | provider:network_type | gre | | provider:physical_network | | | provider:segmentation_id | 2 | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
为demo-net网络创建一个子网
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-create demo-net --name demo-subnet > --gateway 192.168.22.1 192.168.22.0/24
Created a new subnet:
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.22.2", "end": "192.168.22.254"} |
| cidr | 192.168.22.0/24 |
| dns_nameservers | |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 192.168.22.1 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 5aa02cca-4c51-4606-939f-5f5623374ce0 |
| ip_version | 4 |
| name | demo-subnet |
| network_id | a71cc567-08ad-4000-b273-e1b300fa642b |
| tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------+为demo net创建一个router，并将其附加至外部网络和demo net
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-create demo-router Created a new router: +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | external_gateway_info | | | id | a8752270-67da-4118-a053-2858b0ba1762 | | name | demo-router | | status | ACTIVE | | tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# neutron router-interface-add demo-router demo-subnet Added interface 7a619ab8-91fd-4f55-be0c-94603afbfbcb to router demo-router. [root@controller ~]# neutron router-gateway-set demo-router ext-net Set gateway for router demo-router
dashboard
安装所需软件包
[root@controller ~]# yum install memcached python-memcached mod_wsgi openstack-dashboard
配置dashboard
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
#配置使用本机上的memcached作为会话缓存
CACHES = {
‘default‘: {
‘BACKEND‘ : ‘django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache‘,
‘LOCATION‘ : ‘127.0.0.1:11211‘,
}
}
#配置访问权限
ALLOWED_HOSTS = [‘*‘, ‘localhost‘]
#指定controller节点
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
#设置时区
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service memcached start Starting memcached: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig memcached on [root@controller ~]# chkconfig httpd on
测试
查看网络拓扑
启动实例
SSH公钥注入
[root@controller ~]# ssh-keygen [root@controller ~]# nova keypair-add --pub-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub demo-key [root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list +----------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Fingerprint | +----------+-------------------------------------------------+ | demo-key | e1:36:ed:57:2c:26:96:6c:81:8c:2d:63:d2:15:2f:09 | +----------+-------------------------------------------------+
启动一个实例
在OpenStack中启动实例需要指定一个VM 配置模板，首先查看可用模板
[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-list +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
创建一个拥有较小的内存设置的flavor，供启动cirror测试使用
[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-create --is-public true m1.cirros 6 256 1 1 +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | 6 | m1.cirros | 256 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
获取所有可用的image文件列表
[root@controller ~]# nova image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | Server | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+ | 6a820f7e-dcb8-40c8-af8b-27297f2673a3 | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 | ACTIVE | | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+
获取所有可用的网络列表
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------+ | a71cc567-08ad-4000-b273-e1b300fa642b | demo-net | 5aa02cca-4c51-4606-939f-5f5623374ce0 192.168.22.0/24 | | d44c19c2-2fe1-40e8-b07d-094111fe1a5e | ext-net | 07fe3ef7-118a-483f-b53e-df7f6629454c 172.16.0.0/16 | +--------------------------------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------+
启动
[root@controller ~]# nova boot --flavor m1.cirros --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --nic net-id=a71cc567-08ad-4000-b273-e1b300fa642b > --security-group default --key-name demokey demo-i1
查看实例
[root@controller ~]# nova list +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+ | 15a35c37-2be2-4998-b98e-e2e472df0142 | demo-i1 | ACTIVE | - | Running | demo-net=192.168.22.2 | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
打开控制台登陆
登陆之后发现云主机并没有获取到IP，不知何故，哎呀不管了，直接手动配置
进行网络连通性测试
依次ping虚拟内部网关，虚拟外部网关，真实外部网关
通过以上测试发现，云主机网络正常，但是外部主机能否跟云主机通信呢？
由此可以看出，外部主机还不可以与云主机通信，要想解决这一问题就需要用到floating ip机制
floating ip
简单来讲，floating ip 就是通过网络名称空间虚拟出一台路由器设备，其外部接口桥接至可通过物理接口与外部网络通信的网桥设备，而内部接口则做为内部网桥设备上关联的各虚拟机的网关接口，而后在外部网络接口上配置一个ip地址，并通过DNAT的方式转换至内部某指定的主机上，反过来，从内部某指定的主机上发出的报文则由路由器通过SNAT机制转发至外部接口上某特定的地址，从而实现了外部网络与内部VM的通信。
创建floating ip
依旧在Controller节点配置
[root@controller ~]# neutron floatingip-create ext-net Created a new floatingip: +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | fixed_ip_address | | | floating_ip_address | 172.16.20.13 | | floating_network_id | d44c19c2-2fe1-40e8-b07d-094111fe1a5e | | id | de133088-d319-4094-9a2e-0b1762c85061 | | port_id | | | router_id | | | status | DOWN | | tenant_id | 684ae003069d41d883f9cd0fcb252ae7 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
将floating ip绑定至目标实例
[root@controller ~]# nova floating-ip-associate demo-i1 172.16.20.13 [root@controller ~]# nova list +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------+ | 15a35c37-2be2-4998-b98e-e2e472df0142 | demo-i1 | ACTIVE | - | Running | demo-net=192.168.22.2, 172.16.20.13 | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------+
修改默认安全策略
[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0 +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
现在外部网络中的主机即可通过172.16.20.13进行访问
其实是由192.168.22.2进行响应的，这里就不抓包分析了
如里还需要通过ssh方式远程连接172.16.20.13，还需要执行如下命令
#nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0
至此，私有云基本搭建成功，接下来再说一下另一核心组件cinder，即存储服务
Block Storage服务
在没有共享存储的前提下终止实例就意味删除实例，映像文件也会被删除，要想实现用户在实例上创建的文件在实例重新创建后依然存在，只要在众compute节后背后使用共享存储即可。
Controller节点
安装所需软件包
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-cinder
初始化cinder数据库
[root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service cinder --password cinder
配置cinder服务
配置连入数据库的URL
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > database connection mysql://cinder:cinder@controller/cinder
在keystone中创建cinder用户
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name cinder --pass cinder --email cinder@scholar.com +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | cinder@scholar.com | | enabled | True | | id | 57ec93556e744300a1f0217c26fd912b | | name | cinder | | username | cinder | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=cinder --tenant=service --role=admin
连入keystone配置
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT > auth_strategy keystone [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_host controller [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_protocol http [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_port 35357 [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_user cinder [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_tenant_name service [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_password cinder
配置其使用消息队列
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid [root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller
在keystone中注册cinder服务
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=cinder --type=volume --description="OpenStack Block Storage"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage |
| enabled | True |
| id | 15cbd46094f541e49f5d7a717d65101a |
| name | cinder |
| type | volume |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ volume / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s > --internalurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s > --adminurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
| id | 0e71b9f2dad24f699dce6be1ce8f40be |
| internalurl | http://controller:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
| publicurl | http://controller:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | 15cbd46094f541e49f5d7a717d65101a |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=cinderv2 --type=volumev2 --description="OpenStack Block Storage v2"
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage v2 |
| enabled | True |
| id | dbd3b5d766f546cfb54dfc8a75f56a8e |
| name | cinderv2 |
| type | volumev2 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create > --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk ‘/ volumev2 / {print $2}‘) > --publicurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s > --internalurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s > --adminurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| adminurl | http://controller:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| id | 40edb783979842e99f95d75cfc5abbe8 |
| internalurl | http://controller:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| publicurl | http://controller:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
| region | regionOne |
| service_id | dbd3b5d766f546cfb54dfc8a75f56a8e |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------+启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service openstack-cinder-api start Starting openstack-cinder-api: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# service openstack-cinder-scheduler start Starting openstack-cinder-scheduler: [ OK ] [root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-cinder-api on [root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-cinder-scheduler on
配置存储节点
准备逻辑卷
[root@block ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@block ~]# vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created
安装并配置cinder存储服务
安装所需软件包
[root@block ~]# yum install openstack-cinder scsi-target-utils
keystone相关配置
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT > auth_strategy keystone [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_uri http://controller:5000 [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_host controller [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_protocol http [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > auth_port 35357 [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_user cinder [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_tenant_name service [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken > admin_password cinder
消息队列配置
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid [root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller
连接数据库配置
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > database connection mysql://cinder:cinder@controller/cinder
配置本节点提供cinder-volume服务使用的接口
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.10.126
指定Glance服务节点
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT glance_host controller
指定卷信息文件存放位置
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT volumes_dir /etc/cinder/volumes
配置scsi-target
[root@block ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf > DEFAULT iscsi_helper tgtadm [root@block ~]# vim /etc/tgt/targets.conf include /etc/cinder/volumes/*
启动服务
fedora的epel源的中icehouse版本的openstack-cinder的服务openstack-cinder-volume默认为先读取/usr/share/cinder/cinder-dist.conf 这个配置文件，而其内容是有错误的。直接启动会导致创建后的卷无法关联至instace上，所以请禁止服务不再读取此文件。
[root@block ~]# service openstack-cinder-volume start Starting openstack-cinder-volume: [ OK ] [root@block ~]# service tgtd start Starting SCSI target daemon: [ OK ] [root@block ~]# chkconfig openstack-cinder-volume on [root@block ~]# chkconfig tgtd on
卷创建测试
在cinder Controller节点执行如下命令，创建一个5G 大小名为demoVolume的逻辑卷
[root@controller ~]# cinder create --display-name demoVolume 5
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2015-07-27T15:08:11.145570 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | demoVolume |
| encrypted | False |
| id | ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 |
| metadata | {} |
| size | 5 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | creating |
| volume_type | None |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+列出所有卷
[root@controller ~]# cinder list +--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+ | ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+ | ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 | available | demoVolume | 5 | None | false | | +--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
将此卷附加至指定的实例上
[root@controller ~]# nova volume-attach demo-i1 ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 +----------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+--------------------------------------+ | device | /dev/vdb | | id | ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 | | serverId | 15a35c37-2be2-4998-b98e-e2e472df0142 | | volumeId | ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 | +----------+--------------------------------------+
查看关联结果
[root@controller ~]# cinder list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+--------------------------------------+ | ab0d03a8-4e89-4a17-8dc3-3432426f07a2 | in-use | demoVolume | 5 | None | false | 15a35c37-2be2-4998-b98e-e2e472df0142 | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+--------------------------------------+
挂载成功，接下来就可以打开对应实例控制台，查看磁盘的附加状态，并对磁盘进行相应的操作了，这里就不再演示了
The end
喜大普奔，终于结束了，非核心组件就不做介绍了，这篇幅我也是深深的醉了，做个实验真不容易，因内存有限，死卡死卡的，真怀疑会突然卡爆掉，辛亏不是2G的RAM。以上仅为个人学习整理，如有错漏，大神勿喷~~~
本文出自 “北城书生” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1679385
原文地址：http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1679385
