Channel

Channel是Reactor结构中的“事件”，它自始至终都属于一个EventLoop，负责一个文件描述符的IO事件，它包含又文件描述符fd_，但实际上它不拥有fd_，不用负责将其关闭。在Channel类中保存这IO事件的类型以及对应的回调函数，当IO事件发生时，最终会调用到Channel类中的回调函数。Channel类一般不单独使用，它常常包含在其他类中（Acceptor、Connector、EventLoop、TimerQueue、TcpConnection）使用。

Channel类有EventLoop的指针 loop_，通过这个指针可以向EventLoop中添加当前Channel事件。事件类型用events_表示，不同事件类型对应不同回调函数

  ReadEventCallback readCallback_;
  EventCallback writeCallback_;
  EventCallback closeCallback_;
  EventCallback errorCallback_;

在事件发生后，根据事件类型来调用回调函数

void Channel::handleEventWithGuard(Timestamp receiveTime)//根据事件类型来调用回调函数
{
  ……
    if (closeCallback_) closeCallback_();
  }

  if (revents_ & (POLLERR | POLLNVAL))
  {
    if (errorCallback_) errorCallback_();
  }
  if (revents_ & (POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLRDHUP))
  {
    if (readCallback_) readCallback_(receiveTime);
  }
  if (revents_ & POLLOUT)
  {
    if (writeCallback_) writeCallback_();
  }
……
}

Channel.h

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)
//
// This is an internal header file, you should not include this.

#ifndef MUDUO_NET_CHANNEL_H
#define MUDUO_NET_CHANNEL_H

#include <boost/function.hpp>
#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/weak_ptr.hpp>

#include <muduo/base/Timestamp.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{

class EventLoop;

///
/// A selectable I/O channel.
///
/// This class doesn‘t own the file descriptor.
/// The file descriptor could be a socket,
/// an eventfd, a timerfd, or a signalfd
class Channel : boost::noncopyable
{
 public:
  typedef boost::function<void()> EventCallback;//回调函数对象类型
  typedef boost::function<void(Timestamp)> ReadEventCallback;

  Channel(EventLoop* loop, int fd);
  ~Channel();

  void handleEvent(Timestamp receiveTime);
  void setReadCallback(const ReadEventCallback& cb)//设置回调函数
  { readCallback_ = cb; }
  void setWriteCallback(const EventCallback& cb)
  { writeCallback_ = cb; }
  void setCloseCallback(const EventCallback& cb)
  { closeCallback_ = cb; }
  void setErrorCallback(const EventCallback& cb)
  { errorCallback_ = cb; }
#ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
  void setReadCallback(ReadEventCallback&& cb)
  { readCallback_ = std::move(cb); }
  void setWriteCallback(EventCallback&& cb)
  { writeCallback_ = std::move(cb); }
  void setCloseCallback(EventCallback&& cb)
  { closeCallback_ = std::move(cb); }
  void setErrorCallback(EventCallback&& cb)
  { errorCallback_ = std::move(cb); }
#endif

  /// Tie this channel to the owner object managed by shared_ptr,
  /// prevent the owner object being destroyed in handleEvent.
  void tie(const boost::shared_ptr<void>&);

  int fd() const { return fd_; }
  int events() const { return events_; }
  void set_revents(int revt) { revents_ = revt; } // used by pollers。设置事件类型
  // int revents() const { return revents_; }
  bool isNoneEvent() const { return events_ == kNoneEvent; }

  void enableReading() { events_ |= kReadEvent; update(); }
  void disableReading() { events_ &= ~kReadEvent; update(); }
  void enableWriting() { events_ |= kWriteEvent; update(); }
  void disableWriting() { events_ &= ~kWriteEvent; update(); }
  void disableAll() { events_ = kNoneEvent; update(); }//disable当前事件，并从EventLoop中删除
  bool isWriting() const { return events_ & kWriteEvent; }

  // for Poller
  int index() { return index_; }
  void set_index(int idx) { index_ = idx; }

  // for debug
  string reventsToString() const;
  string eventsToString() const;

  void doNotLogHup() { logHup_ = false; }

  EventLoop* ownerLoop() { return loop_; }
  void remove();

 private:
  static string eventsToString(int fd, int ev);

  void update();//更改Channel属性后，将其更新到EventLoop的ChannelList中
  void handleEventWithGuard(Timestamp receiveTime);

  static const int kNoneEvent;
  static const int kReadEvent;
  static const int kWriteEvent;

  EventLoop* loop_;//拥有当前Channel的EventLoop
  const int  fd_;//监听事件的fd
  int        events_;
  int        revents_; // it‘s the received event types of epoll or poll。对应poll中的事件类型epoll_event.events
  int        index_; // used by Poller.。表示当前Channel是新建的-1/已经添加到EventLoop中1/已经从EventLoop中删除2
  bool       logHup_;

  boost::weak_ptr<void> tie_;
  bool tied_;
  bool eventHandling_;
  bool addedToLoop_;//是否已经添加到EventLoop中了
  ReadEventCallback readCallback_;//不同事件对应这不同的回调函数
  EventCallback writeCallback_;
  EventCallback closeCallback_;
  EventCallback errorCallback_;
};

}
}
#endif  // MUDUO_NET_CHANNEL_H

Channel.cc

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)

#include <muduo/base/Logging.h>
#include <muduo/net/Channel.h>
#include <muduo/net/EventLoop.h>

#include <sstream>

#include <poll.h>

using namespace muduo;
using namespace muduo::net;

const int Channel::kNoneEvent = 0;
const int Channel::kReadEvent = POLLIN | POLLPRI;
const int Channel::kWriteEvent = POLLOUT;

Channel::Channel(EventLoop* loop, int fd__)
  : loop_(loop),
    fd_(fd__),
    events_(0),
    revents_(0),
    index_(-1),
    logHup_(true),
    tied_(false),
    eventHandling_(false),
    addedToLoop_(false)
{
}

Channel::~Channel()
{
  assert(!eventHandling_);
  assert(!addedToLoop_);
  if (loop_->isInLoopThread())
  {
    assert(!loop_->hasChannel(this));
  }
}

void Channel::tie(const boost::shared_ptr<void>& obj)
{
  tie_ = obj;
  tied_ = true;
}

void Channel::update()
{
  addedToLoop_ = true;
  loop_->updateChannel(this);//将当前事件更新到EventLoop中
}

void Channel::remove()//把当前事件从EventLoop中移除
{
  assert(isNoneEvent());
  addedToLoop_ = false;
  loop_->removeChannel(this);
}

void Channel::handleEvent(Timestamp receiveTime)
{
  boost::shared_ptr<void> guard;
  if (tied_)
  {
    guard = tie_.lock();
    if (guard)
    {
      handleEventWithGuard(receiveTime);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    handleEventWithGuard(receiveTime);
  }
}

void Channel::handleEventWithGuard(Timestamp receiveTime)//根据事件类型来调用回调函数
{
  eventHandling_ = true;
  LOG_TRACE << reventsToString();
  if ((revents_ & POLLHUP) && !(revents_ & POLLIN))
  {
    if (logHup_)
    {
      LOG_WARN << "fd = " << fd_ << " Channel::handle_event() POLLHUP";
    }
    if (closeCallback_) closeCallback_();
  }

  if (revents_ & POLLNVAL)
  {
    LOG_WARN << "fd = " << fd_ << " Channel::handle_event() POLLNVAL";
  }

  if (revents_ & (POLLERR | POLLNVAL))
  {
    if (errorCallback_) errorCallback_();
  }
  if (revents_ & (POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLRDHUP))
  {
    if (readCallback_) readCallback_(receiveTime);
  }
  if (revents_ & POLLOUT)
  {
    if (writeCallback_) writeCallback_();
  }
  eventHandling_ = false;
}

string Channel::reventsToString() const
{
  return eventsToString(fd_, revents_);
}

string Channel::eventsToString() const
{
  return eventsToString(fd_, events_);
}

string Channel::eventsToString(int fd, int ev)
{
  std::ostringstream oss;
  oss << fd << ": ";
  if (ev & POLLIN)
    oss << "IN ";
  if (ev & POLLPRI)
    oss << "PRI ";
  if (ev & POLLOUT)
    oss << "OUT ";
  if (ev & POLLHUP)
    oss << "HUP ";
  if (ev & POLLRDHUP)
    oss << "RDHUP ";
  if (ev & POLLERR)
    oss << "ERR ";
  if (ev & POLLNVAL)
    oss << "NVAL ";

  return oss.str().c_str();
}

Poller

poller封装IO复用，它是一个抽象类，具体实现有两个pool和epool。在poller中，有一个Map

typedef std::map<int, Channel*> ChannelMap;
ChannelMap channels_;

这个Map用来关联fd和channel的，可以根据fd快速找到对应的channel。
poller中有三个虚函数要实现

virtual Timestamp poll(int timeoutMs, ChannelList* activeChannels) = 0;
virtual void updateChannel(Channel* channel) = 0;
virtual void removeChannel(Channel* channel) = 0;

后两个分别为更新IO复用中的channel，第一个为等待IO事件的到来。有两个类来实现，分别对应pool和epoll。
先看一下poller的源码：
poller.h

class Poller : boost::noncopyable
{
 public:
  typedef std::vector<Channel*> ChannelList;

  Poller(EventLoop* loop);
  virtual ~Poller();

  /// Polls the I/O events.
  /// Must be called in the loop thread.
  virtual Timestamp poll(int timeoutMs, ChannelList* activeChannels) = 0;

  /// Changes the interested I/O events.
  /// Must be called in the loop thread.
  virtual void updateChannel(Channel* channel) = 0;

  /// Remove the channel, when it destructs.
  /// Must be called in the loop thread.
  virtual void removeChannel(Channel* channel) = 0;

  virtual bool hasChannel(Channel* channel) const;

  static Poller* newDefaultPoller(EventLoop* loop);

  void assertInLoopThread() const
  {
    ownerLoop_->assertInLoopThread();
  }

 protected:
  typedef std::map<int, Channel*> ChannelMap;//int为fd
  ChannelMap channels_;

 private:
  EventLoop* ownerLoop_;//一个map，根据fd来找channel
};

poller.cc

Poller::Poller(EventLoop* loop)
  : ownerLoop_(loop)
{
}

Poller::~Poller()
{
}

bool Poller::hasChannel(Channel* channel) const
{
  assertInLoopThread();
  ChannelMap::const_iterator it = channels_.find(channel->fd());
  return it != channels_.end() && it->second == channel;
}

实现中，看一下epoll
EpollPoller.h

class EPollPoller : public Poller
{
 public:
  EPollPoller(EventLoop* loop);
  virtual ~EPollPoller();

  virtual Timestamp poll(int timeoutMs, ChannelList* activeChannels);
  virtual void updateChannel(Channel* channel);
  virtual void removeChannel(Channel* channel);

 private:
  static const int kInitEventListSize = 16;

  static const char* operationToString(int op);

  void fillActiveChannels(int numEvents,
                          ChannelList* activeChannels) const;
  void update(int operation, Channel* channel);

  typedef std::vector<struct epoll_event> EventList;

  int epollfd_;//epoll的fd
  EventList events_;//事件集合
};

EPollPoller.cc

const int kNew = -1;
const int kAdded = 1;
const int kDeleted = 2;
}

EPollPoller::EPollPoller(EventLoop* loop)
  : Poller(loop),
    epollfd_(::epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)),
    events_(kInitEventListSize)
{
  if (epollfd_ < 0)
  {
    LOG_SYSFATAL << "EPollPoller::EPollPoller";
  }
}

EPollPoller::~EPollPoller()
{
  ::close(epollfd_);
}

Timestamp EPollPoller::poll(int timeoutMs, ChannelList* activeChannels)
{
  LOG_TRACE << "fd total count " << channels_.size();
  int numEvents = ::epoll_wait(epollfd_,//线程阻塞在这里
                               &*events_.begin(),
                               static_cast<int>(events_.size()),
                               timeoutMs);
  int savedErrno = errno;
  Timestamp now(Timestamp::now());
  if (numEvents > 0)
  {
    LOG_TRACE << numEvents << " events happended";
    fillActiveChannels(numEvents, activeChannels);
    if (implicit_cast<size_t>(numEvents) == events_.size())//激活事件将events_添满，则扩容
    {
      events_.resize(events_.size()*2);
    }
  }
  else if (numEvents == 0)
  {
    LOG_TRACE << "nothing happended";
  }
  else
  {
    // error happens, log uncommon ones
    if (savedErrno != EINTR)
    {
      errno = savedErrno;
      LOG_SYSERR << "EPollPoller::poll()";
    }
  }
  return now;
}

void EPollPoller::fillActiveChannels(int numEvents,//将激活的事件添加到activeChannels中
                                     ChannelList* activeChannels) const
{
  assert(implicit_cast<size_t>(numEvents) <= events_.size());
  for (int i = 0; i < numEvents; ++i)
  {
    Channel* channel = static_cast<Channel*>(events_[i].data.ptr);
#ifndef NDEBUG
    int fd = channel->fd();
    ChannelMap::const_iterator it = channels_.find(fd);
    assert(it != channels_.end());
    assert(it->second == channel);
#endif
    channel->set_revents(events_[i].events);//events_[i].events为第i个event的事件类型
    activeChannels->push_back(channel);//添加到activeChannels中
  }
}

void EPollPoller::updateChannel(Channel* channel)
{
  Poller::assertInLoopThread();
  const int index = channel->index();
  LOG_TRACE << "fd = " << channel->fd()
    << " events = " << channel->events() << " index = " << index;
  if (index == kNew || index == kDeleted)//是新的channel或已经删除的channel，要重新添加
  {
    // a new one, add with EPOLL_CTL_ADD
    int fd = channel->fd();
    if (index == kNew)
    {
      assert(channels_.find(fd) == channels_.end());
      channels_[fd] = channel;
    }
    else // index == kDeleted
    {
      assert(channels_.find(fd) != channels_.end());
      assert(channels_[fd] == channel);
    }

    channel->set_index(kAdded);//设置添加标志
    update(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, channel);
  }
  else
  {
    // update existing one with EPOLL_CTL_MOD/DEL
    int fd = channel->fd();
    (void)fd;
    assert(channels_.find(fd) != channels_.end());
    assert(channels_[fd] == channel);
    assert(index == kAdded);
    if (channel->isNoneEvent())//channel已经disable，则删除
    {
      update(EPOLL_CTL_DEL, channel);
      channel->set_index(kDeleted);
    }
    else
    {
      update(EPOLL_CTL_MOD, channel);
    }
  }
}

void EPollPoller::removeChannel(Channel* channel)
{
  Poller::assertInLoopThread();
  int fd = channel->fd();
  LOG_TRACE << "fd = " << fd;
  assert(channels_.find(fd) != channels_.end());
  assert(channels_[fd] == channel);
  assert(channel->isNoneEvent());
  int index = channel->index();
  assert(index == kAdded || index == kDeleted);
  size_t n = channels_.erase(fd);
  (void)n;
  assert(n == 1);

  if (index == kAdded)
  {
    update(EPOLL_CTL_DEL, channel);
  }
  channel->set_index(kNew);//删除channel后，将channel标志位设置为kNew
}

void EPollPoller::update(int operation, Channel* channel)
{
  struct epoll_event event;
  bzero(&event, sizeof event);
  event.events = channel->events();
  event.data.ptr = channel;
  int fd = channel->fd();
  LOG_TRACE << "epoll_ctl op = " << operationToString(operation)
    << " fd = " << fd << " event = { " << channel->eventsToString() << " }";
  if (::epoll_ctl(epollfd_, operation, fd, &event) < 0)
  {
    if (operation == EPOLL_CTL_DEL)
    {
      LOG_SYSERR << "epoll_ctl op =" << operationToString(operation) << " fd =" << fd;
    }
    else
    {
      LOG_SYSFATAL << "epoll_ctl op =" << operationToString(operation) << " fd =" << fd;
    }
  }
}

const char* EPollPoller::operationToString(int op)
{
  switch (op)
  {
    case EPOLL_CTL_ADD:
      return "ADD";
    case EPOLL_CTL_DEL:
      return "DEL";
    case EPOLL_CTL_MOD:
      return "MOD";
    default:
      assert(false && "ERROR op");
      return "Unknown Operation";
  }

在实现中，数据结构struct epoll_event.date.ptr经常用来保存和事件对应的结构体，这里保存了channel。在事件到来后，可以根据struct epoll_event找到对应的事件。